State of the Art, Perspective and Obstacles of Ground-Source Heat Pump Technology in the European Building Sector: A Review

In the European Union, 40% of overall final energy consumption is attributable to buildings sector. A reason for such data may be found considering that great majority building stock more than 40 years old. According Commission, an interesting potential lies in refurbishment sector, and heat pump technology has been recognized as one most cost-effective solutions tackle environmental issue this Regarding technology, ground-source pumps (GSHPs) have proven efficient solution on equal boundary conditions. Despite this, EU states’ markets, GSHPs hold only a small market share with respect air-source pumps. paper, state art possible future developments GSHP reviewed together focus all existing buildings, obstacles its spread. The borehole exchangers studied, focusing parameters characterizing outside pipe itself, i.e., grout materials. Moreover, overview last involving refrigerants secondary fluids given. Finally, design control strategies reviewed.